TLR4 and Sepsis: However, antibody drugs targeting cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor [TNF] and interleukin 6 [IL6]), inflammatory pathways (e.g., toll like receptor 4 [TLR4]), or endotoxin, as well as empiric antibiotic therapies have little or disappointing benefit for patients with sepsis (Chaudhry et al., 2013).