In addition, administration of anti-protease-activated receptor-2 antibody (CER/LPS-AP) (Matsuda et al., 2006), glucocorticoid agonist (ARG-AP) (Paszt et al., 2008), chlorogenic acid (ARG-AP) (Ohkawara et al., 2017), and ginkgo biloba extract (STC-AP) (Xu et al., 2014) also reduced the severity of AP and circulating, pancreatic, or alveolar macrophage MIF levels in experimental models. Here, MIF is linked to alkaline phosphatase measurement.