AD patients and animal models have obvious cholinergic dysfunction involving abnormal ACh production and degradation, including choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), respectively (Davies and Maloney, 1976; Perry et al., 1977; Schliebs and Arendt, 2011). The gene discussed is ACHE; the disease is Alzheimer disease.