More recently, blood NfL levels were also found significantly higher in patients with prion disease belonging to all CJD forms and subtypes than both controls and other NDs (Table 1; Steinacker et al., 2016; Kovacs et al., 2017; Thompson et al., 2018, 2020; Abu-Rumeileh et al., 2020a). This evidence concerns the gene NEFL and prion disease.