qRT-PCR validated the enhanced expression of Rsad2, Irf7, and Cxcl10, among the top five upregulated genes, which are common to two type I IFN-related gene sets in HSPCs (Fig. 2d), suggesting type I IFN signaling pathway activation by CML EVs. This evidence concerns the gene RSAD2 and chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive.