The components of PTEN signaling pathway showed corresponding changes as reflected by the increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and MEK1, and decreased phosphorylation of AKT in CRS-treated mice (p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2, p-MEK1/MEK1, and p-AKT/AKT ratio; Fig. 2b, d–f). This evidence concerns the gene MAPK3 and congenital rubella syndrome.