Additionally, serum gremlin-1 concentrations were not associated with the prognosis in patients with all-type ILD (hazard ratio per 1 ng/mL of gremlin-1 increase, 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.99–1.07; p = 0.11), suggesting that this molecule would be not useful as a prognostic biomarker. This evidence concerns the gene GREM1 and interstitial lung disease.