TNF and COVID-19: Compared to the normal ranges, incidences of CRP, interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 above the NUL for males with COVID-19 were 51.2%, 13.4%, 34.1%, 46.3%, 47.6%, 26.8%, and 69.5%, and for females with COVID-19, they were 37.3%, 15.7%, 24.1%, 44.6%, 39.8%, 19.3%, and 61.4%, respectively (Table 1).