,50 Elevated Lp(a) and OxPL-apoB are independently associated with more rapid progression of stenosis in patients with mild-moderate AS, with patients in the top tertile of Lp(a) or OxPL-apoB exhibiting increased valvular calcification activity—measured by 18F-NaF PET/CT—compared with those in the lower tertiles, and a higher risk of aortic valve replacement (AVR) or cardiac death.49 Here, LPA is linked to aortic valve stenosis.