CHUK and pemphigus foliaceus: After BLM (5 mg/kg) induced the PF rat model successfully, the expressions of PI3K, Akt, IKK-α, and NF-κB p65 in the BLM group were all upregulated (P < 0.05), and IκBα expression was downregulated (P < 0.01), indicating that the PI3K/Akt/IKK-α/NF-κB p65 signaling pathway was activated (Figures 6A,B,E).