MDM2 and breast carcinoma: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease that can be caused by many signaling pathways that are responsible for cell proliferation and cell apoptosis, such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR, JAK/STAT, PTEN/AKT/MDM2/p53, and AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway (Wan et al., 2019; Lee et al., 2020; Martínez-Rodríguez et al., 2020; Narayanankutty, 2020; Nunnery and Mayer, 2020).