CREB1 and alcohol dependence: We next examined the expression of several neurotrophic factors/growth factors that are known to play a role in anxiety and alcoholism, such as CRF, CREB, and BDNF (Bolaños and Nestler, 2004; Pandey et al., 2004; Govindarajan et al., 2006; Uddin and Singh, 2007; Baiamonte et al., 2014; Roberto et al., 2017).