These data, together with our findings that BLBCs with low TGFβ and high TNFα pathway activities was enriched with activated Tm cells and has better prognosis, further support that cooperation of TNFα and TGFβ signaling may play an important anti-tumor role in BLBC through mechanisms at least including generation and activation of memory CD4 T cells. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is neoplasm.