Following numerous in vitro evaluations using heterologously expressed human CYP enzymes, as well as human cancer cell lines, we used the AOM/DSS model, a chemically induced colitis-associated cancer (CAC) mouse model employing azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) carcinogens, which mimics a form of inflammatory colorectal cancer in humans, to assess the impact of the A. heterophyllus extract on colon tumor development19,20. Here, PPIG is linked to cancer.