In addition, activation of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor with a pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in IAV-infected host cells promotes recruitment of monocytes and neutrophils to the site of infection, facilitates clearance of virus-infected cells, and drives lung tissue repair responses (6, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16). This evidence concerns the gene NLRP3 and infection.