Specifically, TGF-β-induced phosphorylation of SMAD2/SMAD3 in NK cells leads to decreased IFNγ production [183] and decreased anti-tumor cytotoxicity with phenotypic downregulation of the activating receptors NKG2D, NKp30, DNAM-1, TRAIL, and CD16 [184–188] (Fig. 5). Here, IFNG is linked to neoplasm.