TNF and mantle cell lymphoma: As shown in murine models, the dsRNA genome of LRV1 is recognized by the host endosomal Toll-like receptor-3 (TLR-3) [8,9], inducing tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression and a potent type I interferon (IFN-I) anti-viral immune response leading to IL-6 driven hyperinflammation [6], disease exacerbation and IL-17-dependent metastasis in IFN-γ deficient (Ifng-/-) mice, which can be correlated with MCL Lgy infected patients showing high IL-17 level but low IFN-γ levels [10].