These products have been successful in regenerating bone and treating ulcers, respectively, but the amount of GF loaded (1.5 ​mg/ml BMP2 [241] and 100 ​μg/g PDGF [242], respectively) far surpasses physiological levels of the GFs, resulting in side-effects such as ectopic bone formation and malignant growths [243,244]. Here, BMP2 is linked to ulcer disease.