TNF and bacterial meningitis: A further study investigating the cytokine presence in the CSF of infants who suffered a perinatal hypoxia event, found that infants who displayed an elevated amount of TNFα and IL6 in the CSF, were significantly more likely to suffer from severe neurological abnormalities 12 months post-partum; a phenomenon, which was also observed in survivors of bacterial meningitis and cerebral malaria (John et al., 2008; Perdomo-Celis et al., 2015; Sumanovic-Glamuzina et al., 2017).