Probiotics supplementation for 12 weeks significantly improved the gene expression of IL-1, IL-8, TNF - α, TGF – β, and PPAR - γ in PD patients, but did not affect the gene expression of VEGF and LDLR or the biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress (Borzabadi et al., 2018). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is Parkinson disease.