In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), as the ligand of CXCR5, CXCL13 has been reported to be highly expressed in CD8+ lymphocyte populations with high PD-1 expression, which can attract other immune cells to TAIM and predict response to anti-PD-1 therapy strongly (49). This evidence concerns the gene CXCL13 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.