Moreover, the frequencies of memory cells in both CD3+ T cells and CD8+ T cells were significantly higher in HbAS children than in HbAA children (median frequency 25.9% vs. 15.6%, respectively, P = 0.030 for CD3+ T cells; median frequency 13.4% vs. 6.99%, respectively, P = 0.004 for CD8+ T cells, Supplementary figure 2h, j), when only individuals with paired sample available at the time of first malaria episode of the ensuing Pf transmission season were analysed (Supplementary figure 2). The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is malaria.