Haase et al. [113] analyzed the pathophysiological implications of some novel renal biomarkers in relation to CPB-associated AKI and found that NGAL, L-FABP, and alpha-1 microglobulin predict the development of CPB-associated AKI, while hepcidin isoforms appeared to predict protection from AKI [114]. This evidence concerns the gene LCN2 and acute kidney injury.