IGF1 and infection: The results indicated that the gene expression of daf-16 in the DAF/ insulin-like growth factor (DAF/IGF) pathway, ced-3 and ced-9 in the programmed cell death (PCD) pathway, lys-7, spp-1, and abf-3 for antimicrobial peptide production, and bar-1 involved in the production of other defense molecules was all significantly upregulated when the wild-type (WT) was subjected to DT104 infection.