Whether provision of other, or additional T1D autoantigens to the TGFβ/RA-based formulation can improve the prophylactic outcomes or could reverse new-onset hyperglycemia is currently unknown, although many other particle formulations tested appear to require at least one autoantigen peptide or intact protein to induce some form of disease-specific immune hyporesponsiveness (40, 58, 59, 81–92). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.