β-Lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors with activity against KPC-Kp, such as ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ/AVI), have been shown to improve clinical outcomes for patients with complicated urinary tract infections and intra-abdominal infections caused by KPC-Kp compared to older treatment options such as the polymyxins (van Duin et al., 2018). This evidence concerns the gene NPPA and urinary tract infection.