There is a persuasive evidence that HIF-1α regulates GLUT-4 in the brain: 2 month administration of α-lipoic acid (LA) can inhibit the development of Alzheimer’s disease, it can also significantly increase the protein and mRNA levels of GLUT-3, GLUT-4, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the brain of P301S mice (a tauopathy and AD mouse model) (28); LA induced activation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB)/HIF-1α signaling pathway may be one of the most important mechanisms during the above process (28). Here, BDNF is linked to Alzheimer disease.