VEGFA and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (Jun et al., 2017), miR-503 was decreased in lung fibroblasts from COPD patients, VEGF released by lung fibroblasts from patients with COPD were higher compared with that from patients without COPD, it is inferred that miR-503 may regulate fibroblast-mediated vascular homeostasis in COPD via VEGF signaling, given that VEGF plays an important role in regulating vascular homeostasis in various pathological conditions (Tsai et al., 2009; Liu et al., 2019a).