Although bearers of the PON1 rs662 low activity allele (A) showed lower serum HDL-cholesterol than the rs662 GG homozygotes (Table 2), this relationship did not persist in the multiple regression model including rs662 AA + AG vs. GG (P = 0.106), age (P = 0.721), male gender (P < 0.000001), diabetic nephropathy (P = 0.310), and lipid-modifying treatment (P = 0.005). This evidence concerns the gene PON1 and diabetic kidney disease.