Induction of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is also an important mechanism in the prometastatic effect of CAFs.51 The CM of CAFs can repress expression of epithelial markers, such as E-cadherin, thereby inducing EMT in bladder cancer.52 The downregulation of E-cadherin in transplanted tumors might be attributed to EMT induced by oral CAFs and promote metastasis; however, the role of lncRNA H19 in CAFs in oral cancer metastasis still needs to be further studied. The gene discussed is H19; the disease is urinary bladder cancer.