Interestingly, the formation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan containing puncta has previously been observed in other neurodegenerative disease including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and SOD1 mediated ALS (reviewed in [66]) however this has not been previously reported in the context of TDP-43 proteinopathy, nor has a mechanism been proposed. The gene discussed is TARDBP; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.