DDIT3 and cancer: However, exceedingly intracytoplasmic aggregation of N-CoR activates unfolded protein response (UPR) and fires apoptosis cascade as means of self-destruction to stop canceration, via various stress sensing proteins anchored on endoplasmic reticulum (ER), including pancreatic ER kinase (PERK)-C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and inositol requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1)-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway [16–18].