CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: At present, many clinical trials have shown that for treating patients with advanced NSCLC, pembrolizumab in combination with chemotherapy, as a first-line treatment, has a significantly better curative effect than chemotherapy alone.[22–26] However, another study has shown that PD-L1 inhibitors, such as nivolumab, combined with chemotherapy, when used as the first-line treatment for NSCLC, have a high rate of discontinuation owing to treatment-related adverse events (approximately 21%).