In Alport syndrome, a genetic nephritic disease accompanied by ocular manifestations and caused by mutations involving COL4A5, COL4A3, or COL4A4 genes, TGFβ1 plays a central role in inducing an abnormal deposition of foetal laminin 111 and collagen [α1(IV)]2α2(IV) in the glomerular basement membrane [53, 54]. The gene discussed is COL4A3; the disease is Alport syndrome.