IL1B and infection: The induction of intracellular ROS in response to “small” pathogens suppressed IL-1β production and restricted the recruitment of more neutrophils to the site of infection, while extracellular ROS in response to a “large” pathogen had the opposite effect on IL-1β production and neutrophil recruitment.86,87 These findings suggest that the induction of ROS, in addition to the well-known role in pathogen removal, also has an important role in directing the ensuing neutrophil response.