BRCA1 and breast cancer: The 23.1% rate for TP53 PVs in DCIS in our study reflects the very strong association of DCIS even with invasive cancers with 41 of 45 (91.1%) of all cases containing DCIS in one study of TP53 related breast cancers.32 Currently, many countries in Europe have not instituted extended panel testing for breast cancer and in England testing for a three gene panel of BRCA1, BRCA2 and PALB2 will be provided by the public healthcare system unless a specific request is made for TP53 by a geneticist.