LOX and head and neck cancer: Yet the authors pointed out that LOX expression is paradoxically associated with both tumor progression and tumor suppression depending on cell type and transformation status, based on previous research on breast and gastric cancer cells.11, 12 In 306 patients of the RTOG 90-03 cohort (a phase 3 trial comparing different radiation fractionation series in locally advanced head and neck cancer), increased LOX expression was associated with shorter time to metastasis, time to progression and worse overall survival.7