In contrast to previous reports using CSF1R inhibitor and MCAo stroke model, which support neuroprotective effects of microglia in brain injury [13, 62], we found that selective ablation of microglia with CX3CR1CreER/+:R26iDTR/+ mice led to an evident reduction in infarct size and a better performance in motor ability after ischemic stroke, which reveal reactive microglia as accomplices to aggravate ischemic injury. The gene discussed is CSF1R; the disease is Stroke.