Nevertheless, the deficiency of functional AAT in PI*MZ individuals, and the accumulation of misfolded/non-functional AAT, may increase inflammation in the lungs due to the reduced inhibition of NE and increased chemoattractant production, that could facilitate neutrophil activation and increase enzyme activity, exacerbating lung disease in some individuals (Fig. 1) [23]. The gene discussed is SERPINA1; the disease is lung disorder.