We examined biomarkers previously associated with dysglycemia in sepsis [e.g.- interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFr1), IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra)] [13, 22–25], as well as biomarkers that have been previously unexplored in this setting including markers of innate immunity [IL-8, soluble suppressor of tumorigenicity (ST)2, fractalkine], lung epithelial injury [receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE)], lung endothelial injury [angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2)], and the host response to bacterial infections [procalcitonin (PCT), pentraxin-3 (PTX-3)]. Here, TNFRSF1A is linked to bacterial infectious disease.