The results showed that in the livers of mice fed with 0.1% DDC -containing diet for 3 months, 3 of 7 Sptbn1+/- mice developed liver cancer while there is no tumor visible in WT mice and Sptbn1+/- mice treated with NF-κB inhibitor JSH-23 (Figure 7A and Figure S5C). This evidence concerns the gene SPTBN1 and neoplasm.