Besides, we provided an overview of classical autophagic gene transcription in spermatogenesis at single-cell resolution, mutations of these genes were reported to cause germ cell loss (MTOR) 43 or infertility (LAMP2) 44, suggesting the potential roles of other classical autophagic genes that were actively expressed in human spermatogonia (AKT145, ATG540, EPG546, TBC1D2018), spermatocytes (PRKACA47, ATG716, SIRT117, RARA48) and spermatids (TSC1) 49. The gene discussed is TSC1; the disease is Infertility.