CX3CL1 and neoplasm: To further validate the effects of the CX3CL1/ICAM-1-mediated feedback cycle between circulating NSCLC cells and VBMECs on NSCLC spinal metastases, nude mice were inoculated intracardially with CX3CR1-KD, LFA-1-KD, and CX3CR1-KD and LFA-1-KD A549 cells to disengage the CX3CL1/ICAM-1 interactive signaling network and disrupt tumor-stromal communication (Figure S5A).