NPPB and heart failure: Although there are various indicators of heart failure, the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), left ventricular end-systolic volume index (LVESVI), left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVI), and the plasma level of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) are the main indicators of the hemodynamics and the severity of heart failure10–12.