For example, a replication-defective VACV-vectored vaccine candidate against chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and ZIKV based on the VACV Copenhagen strain and encoding the structural proteins of CHIKV and prM and E of ZIKV induced ZIKV-neutralizing antibodies in immunocompetent and immunocompromised IFNAR−/− mice and protected IFNAR−/− mice from ZIKV viremia and infection of tissues38. Here, IFNAR1 is linked to infection.