Specifically, numbers of NCAM axons/islet were 2.44 ± 1.36 in ND, 2.13 ± 1.24 in AAb, and 2.49 ± 1.17 in T1D (n = 396 islets) and numbers of TH axons/islet were 1.49 ± 1.37 in ND, 1.14 ± 1.02 in AAb, and 1.94 ± 1.19 in T1D donors. Here, NCAM1 is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.