NEFL and X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy: In a comparatively large set of X-ALD samples, we found that blood NfL is moderately but significantly elevated in AMN patients, reaching similar levels as observed in multiple sclerosis in remission (mean NfL, 17.0 pg/ml)26, and strongly amplified with the onset of acute inflammatory brain demyelination in X-ALD patients, here aligning more with the levels reported in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (median NfL, 125 pg/ml)31.