TNF and Leigh syndrome: In terms of other cytokines and chemokines in sera, Beppu and colleagues analyzed serum cytokine levels in typical CIDP patients, LSS patients (an atypical variant), and healthy controls and found that there was an increase in hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), TNF-α, IL-1β, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, and MIP-1β in CIDP and LSS patients compared to controls [60].