However, 8P9R could significantly inhibit SARS-CoV-2 in both Vero-E6 and Calu-3 cells (Fig. 4d, e and Supplementary Fig. 10), which suggested that 8P9R not only inhibited the viral infection through endocytic pathway in Vero-E6 cells but also inhibited viral entry through TMPRSS2-mediated pathway in Calu-3 cells. Here, TMPRSS2 is linked to viral infectious disease.