While AR protein level was slightly lower in ENZ-R specimens than hormone naive PCa, expression of CXXC5 and its downstream target ID1 was significantly upregulated in ENZ-R CRPC (Fig. 6a, b; Supplementary Data 2), consistent with our findings in vitro (Fig. 4a; Supplementary Fig. 3c). This evidence concerns the gene AR and posterior cortical atrophy.